Main Theme & Critical Analysis.
"Ghosts" by Henrik Ibsen is a play that revolves around the Alving family, particularly Mrs. Alving, her son Oswald, Pastor Manders, and Regina. The story is set in a small Norwegian town and exposes the dark secrets and societal expectations that affect the characters. Mrs. Alving, who has been trying to maintain a virtuous image, reveals the truth about her late husband's immoral behavior. Her son Oswald returns home suffering from syphilis, a consequence of his father's actions. Throughout the play, the characters confront the "ghosts" of their past, symbolizing the consequences of their actions and societal norms.
The Concept of Freedom:
"Ghosts" underscores the theme of individual freedom and the need to break free from societal constraints to lead authentic lives. Mrs. Alving's journey toward self-discovery and truth represents a quest for personal liberation.
Morality and Taboos:
The play delves into taboo subjects of the time, such as sexual immorality and hereditary diseases. Ibsen's portrayal of syphilis as a consequene of immoral behavior was shocking forVictorian audience, and it challenged their conservative values.
Themes:
Family Secrets:
The play explores how hidden family secrets can have a profound impact on the lives of the characters, leading to suffering and tragedy.
Morality and Society:
Ibsen critiques the hypocritical moral standards of society that force individuals to hide their true selves, often leading to destructive consequences.
Inheritance of Sins:
The idea of inheriting the sins of one's parents is a central theme, as Oswald's illness is a direct result of his father's immoral behavior.
Liberation and Truth:
Mrs. Alving's journey towards revealing the truth and breaking free from societal expectations represents the theme of seeking personal liberation
through honesty.
The Past and Present:
The play juxtaposes past actions and their present consequences, highlighting the inescapable influence of history on the present.
In summary, "Ghosts" is a pivotal play in the canon of Henrik Ibsen's works, known for its fearless criticism of societal norms, its examination of the human condition, and its contribution to the evolution of theatrical realism. It continues to be studied and analyzed for its enduring relevance and its challenge to traditional values.
